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and encourages participation by jurisdictional and non jurisdictional <br />entities alike. Four sub-regional planning efforts,~`~ each with participation <br />by both jurisdictional and non-jurisdictional entities, have been established <br />to address the transmission expansion needs of the Interconnection. <br />Recently, the bylaws of the ~~Vestcrn Electricity Coordinating Council <br />("~YT.CC') have been amended to permit it to coordinate planning efforts <br />~~ithin the entire interconnection. In addition, the ~1~estern Governors' <br />Association has sponsored an assessment of transmission needs, and the <br />member Governors, along with several federal agencies, have executed <br />an interstate siting memorandum of understanding.20 <br />The longer term goal must be an inclusive regional transmission planning <br />and construction process, in which all affected ~-cholesale market. participants <br />and state authorities participate. In the absence of an R"I'O, a regional <br />platform or forum must carry out this function, as t1%ECC is now <br />If the responSlblllty for. tmdertaking for the ~~'est. These regional planning processes should <br />bUllding and OWDIng bc= tailored to the needs, preferences and characteristics of each <br />the tranSrgISS1011 grid region, so that those in the region have confidence in both the <br />process and its results. <br />is spread more broadly <br />among entities serving <br />loads in a region, then Joint Ownership of Generation and Transmission <br />Reduces the Need for RTOs and Should Be Encouraged <br />joint transmission <br />plannlpg WIII likely be J°int ownership of transmission addresses many of the issues that <br />RTOs were intended to address. Proportional ownership is an <br />facilitated, simply . . <br />effective means to rnrtrgate the transmission market po~~~er of <br />because there are incumbent FL,RC jurisdiction~:tl utilities ~~•here this is a pressing <br />morepartlclpantS at policy concern. If the responsibility for building and owning the <br />the planning table. transmission grid is spread more broadly among entities serving <br />loads in a region, then joint transmission planning will likely be <br />facilitated, simply because there are more participants at the planning <br />table. If °`nettivork integration transmission service" ("nets-vork") customers <br />are encouraged to "bu~~ in" to their load ratio share of the transmission <br />system, transmission usage and ownership will be more closely aligned, <br />and the historical frictions between transmission-dependent utilities and <br />19 'These groups include the Southwest 'Ii~ansmission Expansion Planning Group, <br />the Southwest Arizona "Iransmission Study Grc,up, the Northwest TranSITLISSIOI] <br />Assessment Committee, and the Rocky 1~lountain Area "Transmission Study. <br />~~ Zb underscore the importance of regional differences, federal land ownership <br />is a greater barrier ro interstate transmission projects in the ~ti'est than is <br />rejection oCa project by an individual state siting authority. <br />Restructuring at the Crossroads: FERC Electric Policy Reconsidered 21 <br />