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Page 46 Table 31. Commercial Off-site Energy Production GHG Emission Factor1 Annual Energy Consumption Annual Emissions (metric tons CO2eq) lbs. CO2/MWh metric tons CO2eq/MWh Food Sales Buildings2 Retail4 Food Sales Building Retail CO2 936.5 0.4248 266.5 MWh3 650.6 MWh5 113.2065 276.3682 CH4 0.1020 0.0013 0.3452 23.5992 N2O 0.0150 0.0018 0.4805 310.8589 Total Annual Emissions 114.0322 610.8263 Total Lifecycle Estimate6 (metric tons CO2eq) 5,701.6110 30,541.3145 1 The annual household site fuel consumption in the Midwest was reported in million British thermal units (Btu) per household. The consumption rates reported below were converted to megawatt-hour (MWh). 2 The EIA survey lists 53.3 kilowatt-hour per square foot as the annual energy intensity. Given the estimated roughly 5,000 square foot footprint, an annual energy consumption of 266,500 kilowatt-hour was used. 3 266,500 expressed in MWh. 4 The EIA survey lists 111.0 million Btu per square foot as the mean energy intensity. Given the estimated roughly 20,000 square foot footprint, an annual energy consumption of 2,220 million Btu was used. 5 2,220 million Btu expressed in MWh. 6 Based on a 50-year expected lifecycle. Off-site Waste Management – Scope 3 According to the U.S. EPA, in 2018, 292.4 million short tons of municipal solid waste was generated (4.9 pounds per person per day) (53). The average conversion factor for all landfilled materials was used. The residential portion will include 536 residential units and house approximately 1,608 people. Emission factors from Table 9 of the U.S. EPA’s GHG Emission Hub were utilized to provide an estimate of offsite waste management emissions (last modified June 5th, 2024) (50) (Table 32). The extent of successful recycling and information on the methods used at recycling facilities is not extensive and, therefore, was not included in this calculation. Similarly, the City of Elk River does participate in organics recycling, but the extent of use is not known and therefore not included in the calculation. Table 32. Off-site Waste Management - Residential Estimated Population Municipal Solid Waste Generation Emission Factor Total 1,608 Residents1 4.9 lbs./day 0.36 tons of CO2eq/ 2,000lbs. 517.66 tons of CO2eq/year Total Lifecycle Estimate2 25,883.17 metric tons of CO2eq 1 Assuming three people per household 2 Expected lifecycle (50-year) According to California’s Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery, an estimated 0.9 pounds of waste is generated per square foot per day at gas stations (55). Waste generated at commercial retail stores was 0.046 lbs. per square foot per day (55). For the simplification of calculations, it was assumed all waste was disposed of in a landfill. The rates of other disposal methods (recycling, composting, etc.) are unknown at this time (Table 33).