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T • 1P ,s h J ` r $� 1 : gy, ..tn ri,fir.. 4, t ,7 I� " ,�. .t:',t .f _ ,( o. , fi :' . Z , Choke points are a slight narrowing that add challenge and control speed. (Truckee,California) I staggered on either side of the trail that serve as physi- choke or tight chicane in an otherwise fast and open It cal and visual barriers to keep visitors on the trail. section of trail. Speed-control features like choke Anchoring—also called corralling—helps emphasize points must be gradual and predictable, and users turns,prevent trail widening,prevent shortcutting,and must be able to see the choke ahead on the trail prior adds challenge by keeping the trail narrow. Anchors to encountering it. such as large ominous "gargoyle" rocks are especially important on technical trails where users may skirt Modify the Surface Texture obstacles and widen the trail if allowed. The texture of the trail surface plays a big role in a trail's difficulty and speed. A trail with lots of tex- Install Choke Points ture—rocks, roots, and other rough surfaces—pro- Create a slight narrowing of the trail with rocks or vides a desirable challenge that can require lots of vegetation to add challenge and control speed. These skill.When used strategically,rough surfaces also help gateways can be installed just prior to spots in the trail reduce absolute speed while maintaining a sensation where riders will need to slow down, such as sharp of relative speed, a useful method to manage users. turns and obstacles.Chokes encourage riders to grad- Surface texture can be manipulated by the trail- ually apply their brakes well in advance of sensitive builder, and can be tuned to nearly any situation. areas. Make sure the narrowing flows naturally with One common texturing technique is to use both the trail—it would be a mistake to install a dramatic naturally occurring and strategically placed rocks in 235 Q CHAPTER TEN: Providing Challenging Trails K •