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feature ahead. Use the filter at the head of the trail to <br /> —1511—.''"41111111111161M10. represent the difficulty level of the most difficult fea- <br /> ^0►, ture in the main flow of the trail, and use filters on <br /> ', optional lines to represent the difficulty of that option. <br /> %:' ` "" A -- > 1 For example, elevated features like log rides or ladder <br /> ' ;* E - bridges can have difficult entrances that cause less- <br /> ' skilled riders to stop or fumble before the feature gets <br /> 2 . = very high off the ground. <br /> *A,. - Choke points can also be used as filters, forcing <br /> 8 .,, `" *`'` - users to confront signage or get a good look at a tech- <br /> Create rougher sections of trail to control speed, nical feature or difficult section of the trail. Using <br /> provide challenge, and increase surface durability. <br /> such a filter helps avoid situations where the user is <br /> surprised by the terrain ahead. <br /> the trail tread.Another texturing technique involves the <br /> placement of logs and log pyramids. Rock is preferred <br /> over wood for trail texturing because it is more durable <br /> and predictable. Of course, it is important to provide a , <br /> clear sightline and gradual transition approaching an --` ---413015W"— <br /> area of rough surface texture. Slowly increasing the - ,,�� .r <br /> roughness will help users make the change. g . 14, _ <br /> "'-.� =' <br /> cp <br /> Use Gateways to <br /> Filter Visitors <br /> A trail filter,also referred to as a gateway or qualifier,is Provide for skill progression by offering trails and <br /> Ifeatures of various difficulty levels. (Burns Lake, <br /> a high-skill, low-consequence obstacle that demon- British Columbia) <br /> strates the difficulty of the upcoming trail or feature. <br /> When entrances to technical trails and features are <br /> made more difficult, riders who are insufficiently Provide for Skill Progression <br /> skilled are warned that the trail is above their skill For many mountain bikers, skill improvement is a big <br /> level,and they'll proceed more cautiously or turn back. reason they ride.Meeting this need is both a short-and <br /> Design the filters to represent,with reduced con- long-term task for trail managers. In the short term, <br /> sequences, the difficulty level of the trail or technical managers should try to provide trails of various diffi- <br /> ;; culty levels. In the long term, they can prepare for <br /> progression by creating management plans that allow <br /> - `, new trails, ,skill parks,the addition of technical features <br /> '' to trailsor revamping existing features to keep the <br /> -� challenge fresh. <br /> u, " ` 1 If it's not possible to offer trails for each skill level, <br /> 41 it don't fret. Riders love multiple lines of different diffi- <br /> .' "°''' ' culty on the same trail and they'll return many times <br /> to master the route. Even a single technical trail fea- <br /> .. r Y ture can be designed with three or four different lines. <br /> Riders will also find their own ways to increase chal- <br /> Provide tough features at the beginning of difficult lenge by creatively tackling new lines, combining fea- <br /> trails so users know what to expect. (Santos, Florida) <br /> tures, or changing direction. <br /> 236 <br /> How to Design Challenging pails <br />