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An FTR provides under certain circumstances a revenue stream to the <br />holder, which can be used to offset the congestion charges a holder <br />incurs as a transm~ss~on customer. <br />These rights, however, are limited in number, transmission path <br />and direction because they are tied to the physical capability of the <br />transmission system under specil`ied conditions. Thus, in mane cases <br />there are insufficient FTRs available even to hedge existing firm <br />transmission service arrangements. As a result, mane APPA members <br />have P"hR portfolios that are insufficient to hedge fully their ctn-rent power <br />supple and transmission arrangements, due to the "proration" of FTIls. <br />This Iias happened despite the assurances FERC provided in its April 2003 <br />White Paper, where it said it would "ensure that existing customers <br />retain their existing transmission rights and retain rights for future load <br />growth."~ In I~~.tct, FERC has failed to protect fully the existing transmission <br />rights of utilities with an obligation t.o serve in its ne~re KTO markets. Major <br />generation investments and power purchases have been made for the <br />heneTit of consumers in reliance on transmission o~~~~ned or contracted <br />for on a long-term basis. It is essential that the existing transmission rights <br />of load-serving utilities arising out of ownership of transmission, existing <br />contracts (including "grandfathered" contracts) or service agreements <br />entered into under an individual FERC-regulaud transmission provider's <br />GATT, he preserved under any market design approved by FERC. The <br />holders of such rights should be granted the right to elect to continue to <br />tzse their physical transmission rights to meet their service obligations at <br />the prices specified in those contracts or agreements, or if they wish, to <br />convert to equivalent tradable rights or FTRs that will hold them harmless <br />under any new wholesale market design. <br />The use of FTRs also creates additional levels of complexity and uncertainty, <br />as ~a~ell as opportunities for gaming. These problems threaten the <br />economics of public po~,~er systems' cw-rent power supply arrangements, <br />man}' oCwhich are eery long term in nauzre. <br />:~'Iorco~°er, because FTRs are generally shorter term in duration, they <br />do not address public power entities' long-term needs, including load <br />growth. APPA members are deep]}' concerned about their inability to <br />hedge full}' their transmission congestion costs, and thus to assure their <br />Pederal Lnergy Regt.ilatory Commission, "\tihite Paper-~ti'holesale 1\[arket <br />Platform," issued April 28, 2003, in Docket No. ILti101-12-000, rrtiyr~eo. at Vii. <br />8 Restructuring at the Crossroads: FERC Electric Policy Reconsidered <br />