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4 <br />i <br />~.~ <br />lZivcr <br />Downtown Parking Study <br />for the last few available spaces. A parking system typically operates at <br />optimum efficiency when occupancy is approximately 85% to 90%. If this <br />cushion is not provided, there will likely be a perception of a parking shortage <br />even though empty spaces may exist. If an adequate cushion is provided, it will <br />be easier to locate open spaces. If the cushion is too large, the least convenient <br />spaces will rarely be filled. <br />For these reasons it is an acceptable practice to have the parking supply <br />approximately 5% to 15% over the actual parking demand. The "effective" <br />supply of spaces is used to determine the adequacy of the parking supply, <br />rather than the actual inventory of spaces. In Downtown Elk River, a 90% factor <br />is appropriate for the off-street lots. A lower 85% factor is applicable to the on- <br />street spaces due to the more difficult circulation pattern. <br />September 2007 Carl Walker, Inc. <br />2 <br />