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3 <br />WHEREAS, nationally, there have been significant increases in cannabis use among <br />those age 12 and older, but especially among those age 18-22,15 and cannabis use rates <br />by youth age 18-22 are higher in states with legal adult-use cannabis than in non-legal <br />states;16 and <br />WHEREAS use during pregnancy has risen substantially between 2000 and 2014, <br />increasing the risk of low birth weight;i' and <br />WHEREAS, in 2016, 15.79�0 of 11th grade students in Minnesota reported that they had <br />used marijuana in the past 30 days, a number far exceeding that for cigarette smoking <br />(8.496);18 and <br />WHEREAS, in 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine <br />(NASEM) reviewed the available scientific evidence on the health effects of cannabis and <br />cannabis-derived products, and while noting substantial evidence of therapeutic <br />effectiveness of inedicinal cannabis for a limited number of indications, noted evidence <br />of association of cannabis use with harm in a wide range of areas.19 The NASEM study <br />found "substantial evidence"20 to support the following conclusions: <br />(a) Initiation of use at an earlier age or more frequent use is a risk factor for the <br />development of problem cannabis use; <br />(b) Maternal cannabis smaking during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight <br />in offspring; <br />(c) Cannabis use is associated with increased risk of motor vehicle crashes; <br />(d) Cannabis use increases the risk of development of schizophrenia and other <br />psychoses, with the highest risk among the most frequent users; <br />(e) Long-term cannabis smoking is associated with worse respiratory symptoms and <br />more frequent chronic bronchitis episodes; and <br />ls National Academies, lbid. <br />16 gae, H., and Kerr, D. C. R. (2020) Marljuana use trends among college students in states with and without legalization of <br />recreational use: initial and longer-term changes &om 2008 to 2018. Addictron,115:11151124. <br />a �r: �,i a�z� . � __..I_=:, � . .'.�'� �.. <br />'� Brown QL, Sarvet AL, Shmulewitz D, Martins SS, Wall MM, Hasin DS. Trends in Marijuana Use Among Pregnant and <br />Nonpregnant Reproductive-Aged Women, 2002-2014.JAMA. 2017;317(2):207-209. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.17383. <br />le Minnesota Deparlment of Human Services. Youth Alcohol, Diugs and Tobacco Use: Results of the 2016 Minnesota Student <br />Survey. 2017. `; � i i _ -- --- � : n_, <br />19 National Academies, ]bid. <br />zD 77teAcademy deflned Substantfal EvTdence as jolfows: There is strong evidence to support or refute a statistical association <br />6ehveen cannabis or cannabinoid use and the health endpoint of interest <br />P: 651.290.7506 F: 651.290.7575 875 Summit Avenue. St, Paul, <br />W: www.PublicHealthLawCenter.org Minnesota 55105 <br />