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SCHEDULE 3—INTERCONNECTION PROCESS,TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS,AND OPERATING PROCEDURES <br /> APPENDIX D <br /> Engineering Studies <br /> For the engineering studies the major concerns are; 1.Does the distributed generator cause a problem? <br /> and 2.What would it cost to make a change to handle the problem?The first question is relatively <br /> straightforward to determine as the Area EPS Engineer reviews the proposed installation.The second <br /> question typically has multiple alternatives and can turn into an iterative process.This iterative process <br /> can become quite large for more complex generation installations.For the Engineer there is no"cook <br /> book"solution which can be applied. <br /> For some of the large generation installations and/or the more complex interconnections the Area EPS <br /> Operator may suggest dividing up the engineering studies into the two parts;identify the scope of the <br /> problems and attempt to identify solutions to resolve the problems.By splitting the engineering studies <br /> into two steps,it will allow for the Applicant to see the problems identified and to provide the Applicant <br /> the ability to remove the request for interconnection if the problems are too large and expensive to resolve. <br /> This would then save the additional costs to the Applicant for the more expensive engineering studies;to <br /> identity ways to resolve the problem(s). <br /> This appendix provides an overview of some of the main issues that are looked at during the engineering <br /> study process.Every interconnection has its unique issues,such as relative strength of the distribution <br /> system,ratio of the generation size to the existing area loads,etc.Thus many of the generation <br /> interconnections will require further review of one or several of the issues listed. <br /> • Short circuit analysis—the system is studied to make sure that the addition of the generation will <br /> not over stress any of the Area EPS equipment and that equipment will still be able to clear during <br /> a fault.It is expected that the Applicant will complete their own short circuit analysis on their <br /> equipment to ensure that the addition of the generation system does not overstress the Applicant's <br /> electrical equipment. <br /> • Power Flow and Voltage Drop <br /> - Reviews potential islanding of the generation <br /> - Will Area EPS Equipment be overloaded <br /> • Under normal operation? <br /> • Under contingent operation?With back feeds? <br /> • Flicker Analysis- <br /> - Will the operation of the generation cause voltage swings? <br /> • When it loads up?When it off loads? <br /> - How will the generation interact with Area EPS voltage regulation? <br /> - Will Area EPS capacitor switching affect the generation while on-line? <br /> • Protection Coordination <br /> - Reclosing issues—this is where the reclosing for the distribution system and transmission <br /> system are looked at to see if the Generation System protection can be set up to ensure <br /> that it will clear from the distribution system before the feeder is reenergized. <br /> • Is voltage supervision of reclosing needed? <br /> - Is transfer-trip required? <br /> - Do we need to modify the existing protection systems?Existing settings? <br /> - At which points do we need"out of sync"protection? <br /> - Is the proposed interconnection protection system sufficient to sense a problem on the <br /> Area EPS? <br /> - Are there protection problems created by the step-up transformer? <br /> Interconnection Process for Distributed Genera-C.:,, Systems <br />