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for ash in the county is relatively sparse and this technique unlikely to create any profit for <br />the city. Ultimately, removal should occur once invasive species are removed, and could <br />occur in stages (10-20% per year) to minimize disturbance to the community. However, <br />removal will realistically have a large negative impact on the property, especially in <br />floodplain areas and to neighboring trees. The removal would also have to be timed to <br />minimize impacts on the prairie restoration process. Advice from the city or county should <br />be solicited when making the final decision. <br />Oak Wilt and Bur Oak Blight <br />Oak wilt is an increasingly common tree disease caused by the ft <br />fagacearum. While the disease is present in many eastern US sta <br />the Midwest US. Within Minnesota, it is an issue of serious con <br />seven -county metro area, including in Sherburne county. Oak <br />most common oak species (red oak [Quercus rubra], pin o 6. <br />macrocarpa], and white oak [Q. alba]), though it does affect t <br />and pin oak are the most susceptible species, with i ed inc& <br />or less. Bur and white oaks may take years to wilt Mq <br />branch at a time. The fungus can be transported from ti <br />commonly spreads through root grafts. The beetles are <br />when mature oaks die from oak wilt, andAbbQ wounc <br />convenient pathway of spread for the funj <br />individuals, allowing direct transfer of the <br />While the William H. Houlton <br />contingent of large bur oak <br />east sides of the proper <br />the property is less lik_ <br />will be necessary to idents <br />found, root barriers may be i <br />options inclu iz it <br />also be takv0To­avo7iJMWn <br />trees ars <br />covering tfl <br />for the win <br />most prevalent in <br />ILaround the <br />Iftf Minnesota's <br />71AWr 2ak [Q. <br />'cies Iv. Red <br />riltinAn six weeks <br />Way only do so one <br />e by sap beetles, but most <br />I to the fungal mats created <br />lotted oaks, providing a <br />m root grafts between <br />to healthy individuals. <br />-ed or pin oaks, there is a sizeable <br />nt savanna areas on the north and <br />that an outbreak of oak wilt at <br />risk n nains. Careful monitoring of individuals <br />In ed individuals. If infected individuals are <br />ed around infected trees using a vibratory plow. Other <br />io inoculation of high value individual trees. Care should <br />g tre curing the early growing season (April to July), when <br />the fL1hgal spread. If a tree is injured during this time, <br />amended. If pruning or other activities must be done, waiting <br />Bur oak blight (BOBTmay be a more serious threat to the oaks on the property. BOB affects <br />only bur oaks, and is most injurious to upland individuals in savanna remnants. Caused by <br />a species of fungus in the Tubaki genus, BOB causes lesions and discoloration of the veins <br />on the underside of the leaves, eventually causing large portions of the leaf to die. In many <br />cases, severe infections will cause tree death, though individual susceptibility to the disease <br />varies. The fungus can overwinter on leaf petioles that remain attached to trees and is <br />primarily spread by rain droplets moving spores throughout the tree. Early results suggest <br />that inoculation of trees with fungicide may help slow or stop the spread of the disease <br />within individual trees. At Houlton, monitoring existing oaks for symptoms will be an <br />Friends of the Mississippi <br />W <br />W.H. Houlton Conservation Area NRMP <br />