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<br />shrub layer is often dominated by buckthorn and Tartarian honeysuckle, but <br />gooseberries and elderberries can also be common. The ground layer is <br />also dominated by species tolerant of disturbances, including white <br />snakeroot, motherwort, and garlic mustard. Occasionally, when higher <br />quality forests are nearby, the .understory can be more diverse. <br /> <br />Disturbed Deciduous Woodland <br />MLCCS Code 42130 <br />These upland areas have 10-70% tree cover, of which <25% is by conifers. <br />Aspens comprise <70% of tree cover, and oaks comprise <30%. <br />Herbaceous species comprise <30% of the non-tree cover. Boxelder, green <br />ash, and cottonwood are typical canopy dominants, sometimes together and <br />sometimes singly. Elms are common associates. Hackberries, aspens, <br />oaks, and basswoods may also be present. The shrub layer is often <br />dominated by buckthorn and Tartarian honeysuckle, but sumacs, <br />gooseberries and elderberries can also be common. The ground layer is <br />also dominated by species tolerant of disturbances, including white <br />snakeroot, motherwort, and garlic mustard. Occasionally, when higher <br />quality forests are nearby, the understory can be more diverse. <br /> <br />Medium-tall grass nonnative dominated grassland <br />MLCCS Code 61220 <br />These are often plantings of smooth brome grass like those planted for the <br />Conservation Reserve Program in the 1980's, or some other nonnative <br />pasture grass. This upland grassland is generally <1 m tall, with <10% tree <br />cover and <50% shrub cover, and is dominated by non-native species, such <br />as brome, Kentucky bluegrass, reed canary grass, and spotted knapweed. <br /> <br />Saturated to Seasonally flooded nonnative dominated graminoid <br />vegetation <br />MLCCS Codes 61480, 61530, 61630 <br />These wetland areas are typically disturbed by one of several human <br />activities such as draining and/or planting of nonnative grasses, as well as <br />grazing. These areas typically occur in the same settings that wet meadows <br />or shallow marshes would occur and tend to be dominated by the <br />nonnatives reed canary grass and/or narrow-leaf cattail). <br /> <br />City of Elk River, MN - Natural Resouce Inventory <br />Bonestroo Natural Resources, September 2004 <br /> <br />38 <br />