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E-cigarettes: an evidence update <br /> <br />73 <br />Study Participants EC Device Methods Results <br /> (cig) <br /> <br />intervals. Cig ad lib puff <br />duration at 30 sec <br />intervals. Then ad lib <br />use for 60 mins. Blood: <br />10 mins pre, 5, 10, 15, <br />20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 75, <br />90 mins post start of <br />controlled puffing. <br />Tmax: 30mins for <br />EC and 5 mins for <br />cig <br />During ad lib use <br />-Cmax (ng/ml): <br />EC 13.7 to 22.42; <br />cig 29.3 <br />Vansickel <br />et al 2010 <br />[118] <br />32 <br />smokers) <br />Own brand cig <br />NJOY EC (18mg) <br />Crown 7 EC <br />(16mg) <br />Sham (unlit cig) <br />EC were cigalike <br />Randomised crossover, <br />overnight abstinence. <br />Baseline blood, EC – <br />10 puffs at 30 sec <br />intervals, blood at 5, 15, <br />30, 45, 60 mins <br />Only cig <br />produced <br />significant rise in <br />nicotine (18.8 <br />ng/ml at 5 mins) <br />Van Staden <br />et al 2013 <br />[113] <br />13 <br />smokers <br />Twisp eGo <br />(18mg/ml <br />nicotine) <br />Provided with EC and <br />asked to use this and <br />stop smoking for two <br />weeks <br />Cotinine ng/ml <br />Baseline: 287, at <br />2 weeks 97 <br />(p=0.0011) <br />Spindle et <br />al 2015 <br />[120] <br />13 vapers <br />> 3 <br />months, <br />e-liquid <br />≥12mg/ml <br />Own EC (all tank <br />systems) <br />1 x 12 mg/ml <br />3 x 18 mg/ml <br />9 x 24 mg/ml <br />Overnight abstinence, <br />two sessions. <br />Baseline blood, EC – <br />10 puffs at 30 sec <br />interval. Blood at 5 and <br />15 min. <br />Plasma nicotine <br />at Baseline: 2.4 <br />ng/ml <br />5 mins: 19.2 <br />ng/ml <br />10 mins: 10.2 <br />ng/ml <br />Bullen et al <br />2010 [117] <br />8 <br />smokers <br />Ruyan V8 <br />(cigalike) 16mg/ml <br />(puff for 5 mins) <br />Inhalator 10mg <br />(puff for 20 mins) <br />Own brand cig <br />(puff for 5 mins) <br />Randomised crossover, <br />overnight abstinence. <br />Baseline blood, product <br />use, blood at 5, 10, 15, <br />30, and 60 mins. <br /> <br />Cmax (ng/nl): <br />EC=1.3; Inh=2.1; <br />Cig=13.4 <br />Tmax (mins): <br />EC=19.6; <br />Inh=32.0; <br />Cig=14.3 <br />Flouris et <br />al 2013 <br />[130] <br />15 <br />smokers <br />Giant (cigalike) <br />11mg/ml <br />Smoked 2 cigs, puffed <br />EC to match smoking. <br />Cotinine immediately <br />and 1 h after puffing <br />No difference <br />between products <br />Capon- <br />netto et al <br />2013 [40] <br />Sample <br />size not <br />stated <br />Categoria <br />(cigalike) 7.2mg <br />for 12 weeks <br /> <br />7.2mg/5.4mg for <br />12 weeks <br />RCT – 12 weeks of EC <br />use <br />Salivary cotinine <br />6 weeks: 42 <br />ng/ml; 12 weeks: <br />91 ng/ml <br />6 weeks: 68 <br />ng/ml; 12 weeks: <br />70 ng/ml <br />Etter & <br />Bullen <br />2011 [110] <br />30 vapers <br />Mean EC <br />use 94 <br />days <br />Own brand EC <br />Mean nicotine <br />content 18mg/ml <br />Ad libitum use Salivary cotinine <br />322 ng/ml <br />Dawkins & <br />Corcoran <br />2014 [114] <br />14 <br />vapers, <br />7 dual <br />users, <br />Skycig (cigalike) <br />18mg/ml <br />10 puffs in 5 mins, then <br />1 hour ad lib <br />After 10 mins: <br />0.74 – 6.77 ng/ml <br />After ad lib: 4.35- <br />25.6 ng/ml