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E-cigarettes: an evidence update <br /> <br />52 <br />o Research should be commissioned in this area including: <br /> longitudinal research on the use of EC, including smokers who have not used <br />EC at the beginning of the study <br /> the effects of using EC while smoking (temporary abstinence, cutting down) on <br />quitting, and the effects of EC use among ex-smokers on relapse <br /> research to clarify the factors that i) help smokers using EC to quit smoking and <br />ii) deter smokers using EC from quitting smoking, including different EC <br />products/types and frequency of use and the addition of behavioural support, <br />and how EC compare with other methods of quitting which have a strong <br />evidence base <br /> <br />o It would be helpful if emerging evidence on EC (including different types of EC) <br />and how to use EC safely and effectively could be communicated to users and <br />health professionals to maximise chances of successfully quitting smoking. <br />7. Reasons for use and discontinuation <br />