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When they invest, municipal utilities or their power supply agencies often require <br /> hypothetical capital structures to achieve comparable equity returns to those of privately <br /> owned utilities. Such hypothetical capital structures have been allowed MMTG or its <br /> members in Central Minnesota Municipal Power Agency and Midwest Municipal <br /> Transmission Group, 134 FERC¶61,115 (2011) PP 30-33, and Midcontinent Independent <br /> System Operator, Inc., 145 FERC It 61,263, P 25. Without such abilities to earn comparable <br /> returns, in most cases municipals simply could not participate in grid expansion. <br /> The Energy Policy Act of 2005, the Commission and the Federal Power Act <br /> recognize the importance of smaller entity participation in transmission ownership. Thus, in <br /> Order No. 679,3 PP 354, 356, the Commission said: <br /> We agree with comments that public power participation can <br /> play an important role in the expansion of the transmission <br /> system. . . .. Encouraging public power participation in such <br /> projects is consistent with the goals of section 219 by <br /> encouraging a deep pool of participants. <br /> . . . .[T]o the extent allowed under our jurisdiction, a public <br /> power entity should have the same opportunity afforded to <br /> jurisdictional entities to recover costs related to new <br /> transmission investment. <br /> Accord, Federal Power Act §§ 205 and 206, 16 U.S.C. §§ 824d, and 824e, (undue preference <br /> and discrimination illegal); Section 219 of the Federal Power Act, 16 U.S.C. § 824s, states <br /> that incentive-based rate treatments to "promote reliable and economically efficient <br /> transmission"are to be applied"regardless of the ownership of the facilities." <br /> 3 Promoting Transmission Investment though Pricing Reform, Order No. 679,71 Fed. Reg.43,294(July 31, <br /> 2006),FERC Stats. &Regs.¶31,222(2006),on reh'g,Order No. 679-A,72 Fed. Reg. 1152(Jan. 10,2007), <br /> FERC Stats. &Regs.¶31,236(2006), clarified, 119 FERC¶61,062(2007). <br /> 4 <br /> 112 <br />