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X. .As a general m tt~r, a za~nireg application may be a £~cted by e~anges in <br />haws that were adopted after the ~ licati~ was fi~~ . <br />A. "No individual can acquire a vested right to a particular zoning <br />scheme." Wedenaeye~ v. City of Minneapolis, 540 N.W.2d 539, 542 <br />(Minn. Ct. App. 1995). <br />1. Tn Wedemeyer, the court criticized the property owners' <br />suggestion that a city must formally pass an ordinance <br />amending its zoning plan before freezing a permit application, <br />noting that "Under that system, a city would need to anticipate <br />all future, and possibly harmful, uses for property an enact <br />formal ordinances before any applications were submitted or <br />else it would be effectively estopped from rejecting or even <br />delaying those applications." Id. <br />2. Like other systems, local zoning laws often must be in a <br />constant state of flux. <br />a. Rules adopted based on one set of assumptions and <br />factual premises often must change when those <br />assumptions and factual premises change. <br />(i) As Austrian philosopher Kurd Giidel recognized in <br />his Incompleteness Theorem, every complex <br />system ox set of rules, no matter how thorough or <br />valid, will produce at its outer boundaries <br />paradoxes that cannot be adequately handled by <br />the system. Tn that respect, all valid systems of <br />rules are inherently incomplete. That is, there axe <br />problems for which a solution exists but cannot be <br />found by use of the system. See Kurt Godel, On <br />Formally Undecidable Propositions (1962) <br />(translation of original paper in Manatshefte fug <br />Mathematik and Physik, 38 at 173-19$ (1931)). <br />B. In Minnesota, submission of an application for a permit or land use <br />change generally does not constrain the government's ability to <br />modify the laws governing a proposed development. <br />l , As the lU~innesota ~upren~e Court noted in ~4l~nq~cist v. "own of <br />.~a~s~an, the rude in mast ~urisdictians "permits the retroactive <br />1 <br />