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Smoking and Kids / 2
<br />'Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, (SAMHSA), HHS, Results from the 2006 National
<br />Survey on Dnig Use and Health, NSDUH: Detailed Tables,
<br />http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/NSDUH/2k6nsduh/tabs/Sect4peTabs 10to 11. pdf
<br />U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), "Symptoms of Substance Dependence Associated with
<br />Use of Cigarettes, Alcohol, and Illicit Drugs-United States 1991-1992," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
<br />(MMWR) 44(44):830-831,837-839, November 10, 1995, http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00039501.htm.
<br />DiFranza, JR, et al., "Initial Symptoms of Nicotine Dependence in Adolescents," Tobacco Control 9:313-19,
<br />September 2000. Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids (TFK) factsheet, The Path to Smoking Addiction Starts at Very
<br />Young Ages, http://tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0127.pdf.
<br />s SAMHSA, HHS, Calculated based on data in 2005 National Household Survey on Drug Use and Health,
<br />http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/nsduh.htm. See also, HHS, Youth and Tobacco: Preventing Tobacco Use among Young
<br />People: A Report of the Surgeon General, 1995, http://sgreports.nlm.nih.gov/NN/B/C/L/Q/ /nnbclg.pdf (page 49).
<br />° Johnston, LD, et al., Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2006. Volume l: Secondary
<br />school students (NIH Publication No. 07-6205), Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2007,
<br />http://monitoringthefuture.orglpubs/monographs/volt 2006.pdf.
<br />s CDC, "Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance, United States, 2005," MMWR 55(SS-5), June 9, 2006
<br />http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss5505.pdf. Using a different survey methodology, the 2004 Youth Tobacco
<br />Survey (YRBS) found a 21.7% high school smoking rate (21.8% for girls, 21.6% for boys); but the results from the
<br />YRBS and YTS cannot be compared because they use different methodologies. Current smoker defined as having
<br />smoked in the past month. YRBS is done in odd-numbered years, YTS in even.
<br />s CDC, "Projected Smoking-Related Deaths Among Youth-United States," MMWR 45(44):971-974, November 8,
<br />1996, http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wklmm4544.pdf
<br />~ See TFK factsheet, Smoking's Immediate Effects on the Body,
<br />http://tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/index. php?Categorvl D=13.
<br />See TFK factsheet Smoking and Other Drug Use,
<br />http://tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/index.php?Categorvl D=3.
<br />U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC), Cigarette Report for 2004 and 2005, 2007,
<br />http://www.ftc.gov/reports!tobacco/2007ciparette2004-2005.pdf. See also, FTC, Smokeless Tobacco Report for the
<br />Years 2002 and 2005, 2007, http:/lwww.ftc.gov/reports/tobacco/02-05smokeless0623105.pdf [data for top 5
<br />manufacturers only].
<br />10 Pollay, R, et al., "The Last Straw? Cigarette Advertising and Realized Market Shares Among Youths and Adults,"
<br />Journal of Marketing 60(2):1-16, April 1996.
<br />" Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, (SAMHSA), HHS, Results from the 2005 National
<br />Survey on Drug Use and Health, NSDUH: Detailed Tables,
<br />http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/nsduh/2k5nsduh/tabs/Sect7peTabs58to67.pdt
<br />CDC, "Changes in the Cigarette Brand Preference of Adolescent Smokers, U.S. 1989-1993," MMWR 43(32):577-
<br />581,August, 1994, http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032326.htm.
<br />13 National telephone survey of 509 teens aged 12 to 17 and 1,011 adults conducted by International
<br />Communications Research (ICR), March 8-13, 2006.
<br />74 Evans, N, et al., "Influence of Tobacco Marketing and Exposure to Smokers on Adolescent Susceptibility to
<br />Smoking," Joumal of the National Cancer Institute, October 1995.
<br />15 Pierce JP, et al., "Tobacco Industry Promotion of Cigarettes and Adolescent Smoking," Journal of the American
<br />Medical Association 279(7):511-505, February 1998 [with erratum in JAMA 280(5):422, August 1998].
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