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Page 40 18. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions/Carbon Footprint a) GHG Quantification: For all proposed projects, provide quantification and discussion of project GHG emissions. Include additional rows in the tables as necessary to provide project-specific emission sources. Describe the methods used to quantify emissions. If calculation methods are not readily available to quantify GHG emissions for a source, describe the process used to come to that conclusion and any GHG emission sources not included in the total calculation. b) GHG Assessment i) Describe any mitigation considered to reduce the project’s GHG emissions. ii) Describe and quantify reductions from selected mitigation, if proposed to reduce the project’s GHG emissions. Explain why the selected mitigation was preferred. iii) Quantify the proposed projects predicted net lifetime GHG emissions (total tons/#of years) and how those predicted emissions may affect achievement of the Minnesota Next Generation Energy Act goals and/or other more stringent state or local GHG reduction goals. Two phases of the project need to be quantified: the construction phase and the homeowner annual operation phase. Greenhouse gases (GHG) commonly include carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), fluorinated gases (chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)). The GHGs to be quantified include carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, as fluorinated gases are not typically associated with land use development. There are three types of emissions: Scope 1, 2, and 3.  Scope 1: Direct emissions released from the property.  Scope 2: Emissions associated with offsite generation of purchased electricity.  Scope 3: Emissions from offsite provision of waste management services All estimated/projected GHG emissions are provided on an average basis using the CO 2 equivalent (CO2eq). To convert methane to carbon dioxide equivalents, a 100-year global warming potential of 28 was used. To convert nitrous oxide to carbon dioxide equivalents, a 100- year global warming potential of 265 was used (45). Land-Use – Scope 1 There are emissions associated with the development of land. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s report inventoried anthropogenic sources and sinks of greenhouse gas emissions and removals from 1990-2021 and was used to calculate the emissions due to land use changes (45). The exchange of CO2 to and from the atmosphere is defined as a ‘flux’ where a negative value indicates carbon sequestration. The EPA’s report does not have readily available carbon sequestration rates for every land-use type. The sequestration rate of 2.6 metric tons of CO2 per acre per year was based on rates for a forested community as a best-case scenario ‘high-end estimate.’ There are many factors that contribute to the rate of carbon sequestration. The estimates below include several assumptions and do not fully estimate the potential reduction of carbon sequestration. These emissions were