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Enerkem <br /> The Gasification Process <br /> The RDF is fed to Enerkem's proprietary bubbling fluidized bed gasification vessel to <br /> break down the shredded waste into its constituent molecules, a process called thermal <br /> cracking. This gasification reactor evenly distributes a partial oxidation agent (steam and <br /> oxygen) upward through a bed of solid particles and uses the resulting gas velocity to <br /> create turbulence coupled with rapid mixing that resembles boiling liquid. This same <br /> reactor blends the broken-down molecules with steam to produce syngas. <br /> Enerkem is the first company to have developed a technology capable of breaking down <br /> chemically and structurally dissimilar waste materials and converting them into a pure, <br /> chemical-grade, stable, and homogeneous syngas on a commercial scale. The resulting <br /> syngas is rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which are key building block molecules <br /> used in modern chemical processes. <br /> Enerkem is the first company to have developed a technology capable of breaking down <br /> chemically and structurally dissimilar waste materials and converting them into a pure, <br /> chemical-grade, stable, and homogeneous syngas on a commercial scale. The resulting <br /> syngas is rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which are key building block molecules <br /> used in modern chemical processes. <br /> Cleaning and conditioning the syngas <br /> The crude syngas—composed mainly of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen <br /> —is fed into a proprietary syngas-cleaning-and-conditioning process that upgrades it to <br /> chemical-grade so it can be refined into liquid fuels and commercial chemicals. Staged <br /> thermal reformers increase carbon conversion. Scrubbing and absorption equipment <br /> remove impurities. <br /> By combining bubbling fluidized bed gasification with our proprietary syngas cleaning- <br /> and-conditioning process, Enerkem can control the syngas' purity. (After conditioning, <br /> the syngas is as clean as natural gas.) We also can control the gas' hydrogen and carbon <br /> monoxide balance to produce liquid fuels and commercial chemicals. <br /> Page 4 <br />