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MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE AND PROJECT FINANCE <br /> to meet increased electric requirements and has the ability to adjust its energy charge through an energy adjustment clause should <br /> market derived power prices increase greater than anticipated. <br /> MMPA believes that keeping power prices to its members at or near current levels and no need for constructing incremental generating <br /> resources will allow it to build-up significant cash reserves that could be used to retire debt beginning 2020. <br /> State Regulatory Initiative <br /> Minnesota has one of the most aggressive renewable energy standards in the US. By 2025, 25%of all retail energy sold must be from <br /> renewable generation.This has ramped up from 17% by 2016, moving to 20% by 2020 and to 25% by 2025. Electricity generated by <br /> solar,wind,hydroelectric and biomass are eligible technologies under the standards. Moreover, open market purchases of RECs count <br /> toward the requirements. MMPA appears to be well positioned through a combination of owned and contracted resources to meet the <br /> renewable energy standard. MMPA's 2017 renewable generation was approximately 450,000 MWh's or 30% of retail energy sold. <br /> LIQUIDITY <br /> MMPA's available cash is sufficient,totaling approximately$56 million at December 31, 2017 or more than 250 days cash on hand. <br /> External liquidity is provided under a $20 million revolver due May 2019 with US Bank National Association (Al,stable).There was no <br /> amount borrowed under the revolver as of December 31,2017. <br /> DEBT STRUCTURE <br /> MMPA has a manageable debt profile.The utility's debt balance as of December 31, 2017 consisted of approximately$263 million <br /> of Electric Revenue Bonds.The Electric Revenue Bonds are secured by a pledge of the net revenues of the system and the indenture <br /> requires MMPA to set rates sufficient to produce at least 1.15x coverage of annual debt service. <br /> Scheduled debt maturities approximate $10 million in each of 2018 and 2019. <br /> PENSIONS AND OPEB <br /> Management and operations of MMPA is outsourced to Avant and as such has no employees and no pension obligation. <br /> Management and Governance <br /> MMPA's rating considers that it does not have any employees, making it somewhat unique amongst its peers. Rather,the JAA <br /> outsources all management and operational functions to various third-party vendors,a strategy that alters the entity's risk profile <br /> relative to its peers.That said,we have gained a degree of comfort with the Agency's long-term relationship with Avant Energy, <br /> Inc. (Avant),an unaffiliated energy management company that has provided management services for MMPA under contractual <br /> arrangements since 1992.The current contract between Avant and MMPA extends to 2026. <br /> 3 1 August 2018 Minnesota Municipal Power Agency:Update following Moody's Upgrade to Al from A2;Outlook Stable <br /> 146 <br />