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• § 13.04 GROWTH MANAGEMENT 13-25 its exclusionary effect on regional housing opportunities for low and moderate-income persons.' Many communities zone undeveloped areas at lower densities, and permit case-by-case rezoning at the urban fringe. The use of large-lot single family classifications as "holding zones" may be ac- cepted as a means of controlling growth in newly annexed or un- developed areas.10 This "wait-and-see" zoning may be challenged when rezonings do not relate to the purposes and criteria of the comprehensive plan.11 [3] Phasing Development Through Zoning Phased zoning combines the zoning elements of bulk, use and density control with a timing element.12 One method for implement- ing phasing criteria is the inclusion of a point system in the zoning ordinance that reflects the goals articulated in the comprehensive plan.13 For example, a locality can award points for proximity to existing infrastructure,protection of environmentally sensitive areas or open space, the private provision of infrastructure, or the provi- sion of low income housing within the development. The point sys- 9 See § 13.03[3],supra. • 10 See National Boulevard Bank v.Village of Schaumburg,76 Ill.App.3d 388,394 N.E.2d 1320,1326(1979),citing People ex rel.Trebat v.City of Park Ridge, 110 I11. App. 2d 404,249 N.E.2d 681 (1969). 31 See§ 27A.02[2][b],infra("short zoning").See also Mandelker,Land Use Law §§ 6.31 to 6.33 (1982). 12 See Golden v.Planning Bd.,30 N.Y.2d 359,334 N.Y.S.2d 138,285 N.E.2d 291, appeal dismissed, 409 U.S. 1003 (1972) (ordinance repealed, 1983). See generally Mandelker,The Zoning Dilemma 45-55(1970); 1 Rohan,Zoning and Land Use Con- trols§§4.01 to 4.06(1978 Ix Supp. 1984)('"Time Controlled Zoning");Bell,"Control- ling Residential Development on the Urban Fringe:St. Louis County,Missouri,"48 J.Urb.I...409(1970);Blank,"Time Control,Sequential Zoning:Ramapo,"25 Baylor L Rev.318(1973);Childs,"Constitutionality of Phased Growth Zoning Ordinances," 8 Urb.Law.512(1976);Freilich&Ragsdale,'Timing and Sequential Controls—The Essential Basis for Effective Regional Planning: An Analysis of New Directions for Land Use Control in the Minneapolis-St.Paul Metropolitan Region,"58 Minn.L Rev. 1009(1974);Geier,"Agricultural Districts and Zoning:A State-Local Approach to a National Problem,"8 Ecology LQ.655(1980);O'Keefe,'Time Controls on Land Use: Prophylactic Law for Planners,"57 Cornell L Rev. 827 (1972); Note, "Controlled Growth Zoning:Confronting the Inevitable",66 Kansas L.J.99(1977);Note,"Phased Zoning:Regulation of the Tempo and Sequence of Land Development,"26 Stan. L Rev.585(1976);Note,"Tempo and Sequential Controls:The Validity of Attempts to Combat Urban Sprawl Through Local Land Use Regulations,"11 Williamette L.J.217 (1975). 13 See Golden v. Planning Bd.,285 N.E.2d at 294-96. (Release #25, 7/87)