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APPENDIX C. Methods for Controlling Exotic, Invasive Plant Species <br />Trees and Shrubs <br />Common Buckthorn, Tartarian Honeysuckle, Siberian Elm, and Black Locust are some of the <br />most common exotic woody species likely to invade native woodlands or prairies in <br />Minnesota. Buckthorn and honeysuckle are European species that escaped and invaded <br />woodlands in many parts of the country. They are exceedingly aggressive_ and, lacking <br />natural diseases and predators, can out -compete native species. They • n <br />photosynthetically active longer than most other native shrubs and s, ich gives them <br />a competitive advantage. The seeds are disseminated by birds, w ake them especially <br />problematic in open woodlands, savannas, and overgrown pra' _s. Iso benefit from <br />the net actions of invasive earthworms, fire suppression, an deer ations, <br />forming a synergy that helps set the stage for their establ' n and dom <br />Invasions eventually result in dense, impenetrable br hickets that greatl . ce <br />ground -level light availability and can cause declin natioecies abund ce and <br />diversity. <br />Siberian elm, native to eastern Asia, grows vigorously, esp <br />nutrient soils with low moisture. Seed ge4ib6iLo n is high <br />in sparse vegetation. It can invade and Ilk <br />locust is native to the southeastern United <br />Minnesota. It has been planted outside its n <br />control species and a soil stab' ' artly bei <br />fixer, and since it quickly c9OWIRWre slop <br />reproduces vigorously LAfoot suc -ing and <br />in disturbed and low- <br />d1ings establish quickly <br />in just a few years. Black <br />southeastern corner of <br />promoted as an erosion <br />it wa.- falsely assumed to be a nitrogen <br />readily invades disturbed areas. It <br />rm monotypic stands. <br />diologica' Control <br />Currently the <br />1 agents for non-native woody plants in Minnesota. <br />ologic*ebiological <br />Recently, a -year <br />condy the DNR and University of MN resulted in the <br />conclus' at there we <br />o vicontrol agents for common or glossy <br />buckth r d in part <br />he lack of damage to the host plants and a lack of host <br />specificity <br />(http://www. te. <br />.us/invasives/terrestrialplants/woody/buckthorn/biocontrol.ht <br />MI). <br />Chemical Control <br />The most efficient way to remove woody plants that are 1/2 inch or more in diameter is to <br />cut the stems close to the ground and treat the cut stumps with herbicide immediately after <br />they are cut, when the stumps are fresh and the chemicals are most readily absorbed. <br />Failure to treat the stumps will result in resprouting, creating the need for future <br />management interventions. <br />Friends of the Mississippi <br />W. H. Houlton Conservation Area NRMP <br />