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. <br /> the first year with woody invasive species removal. Once invaders are removed, <br /> restoration will continue with spot and broadcast treatment of herbaceous invaders, <br /> prescribed burns and drill seeding. <br /> According to the DNR, southern mesic savannas are: <br /> "Sparsely treed communities with tallgrass-dominated ground layers on <br /> somewhat poorly drained to well-drained loam soils mainly formed in <br /> unsorted glacial till, sometimes in a thin loess layer over till,and locally in <br /> lacustrine sediments and outwash deposits. Present primarily on level to <br /> gently rolling sites. Drought stress is irregular in occurrence and usually not <br /> severe. <br /> Graminoid cover is interrupted to continuous (50-100%).Tall grasses <br /> dominate,but several mid-height grasses are also important. Big bluestem <br /> (Andropogon gerardii) and Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans) are the <br /> dominant tallgrasses,with prairie dropseed (Sporobolus heterolepis) either a <br /> codominant or subdominant component. On the drier end of the moisture <br /> gradient,little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium),porcupine grass (Stipa <br /> spartea),and side-oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula) are important. <br /> Forb cover is sparse to patchy(5-50%). The most common species are heart- <br /> leaved alexanders (Zizia aptera), heath aster (Aster ericoides), stiff and <br /> Canada goldenrods (Solidago rigida and S. canadensis), purple and white <br /> prairie clovers (Dalea purpurea and D. candida),silverleaf scurfpea <br /> (Pediomelum argophyllum), stiff sunflower (Helianthus pauciflorus),white <br /> sage (Artemisia ludoviciana), northern bedstraw (Galium boreale), and <br /> smooth blue aster (Aster laevis). Maximilian's sunflower (Helianthus <br /> maximiliani),tall meadow-rue (Thalictrum dasycarpum),prairie phlox (Phlox <br /> pilosa),and gray-headed coneflower (Ratibida pinnata) are common in <br /> moister examples; rough blazing star (Liatris aspera), Missouri and gray <br /> goldenrods (Solidago missouriensis and S. nemoralis),and bird's foot <br /> coreopsis (Coreopsis palmata) are common in drier ones. <br /> Woody vines are a minor component.Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus spp.) <br /> is frequently present,and wild grape (Vitis riparia) is occasionally present. <br /> Shrub layer is patchy to interrupted (50-75% cover) and composed of low (< <br /> 20in [50cm]) semi-shrubs,taller (up to 6ft [2m]) shrubs,and oak seedlings <br /> and saplings (< 6ft).The low semi-shrubs leadplant(Amorpha canescens), <br /> prairie rose (Rosa arkansana), and poison ivy (Toxicodendron rydbergii) are <br /> generally common. Common taller shrubs are chokecherry(Prunus <br /> virginiana),American hazelnut(Corylus americana), smooth sumac (Rhus <br /> glabra),gray dogwood (Cornus racemosa),wolfberry(Symphoricarpos <br /> occidentalis), low juneberry (Amelanchier humilis),and wild plum (Prunus <br /> americana). <br /> Friends of the Mississippi River Bailey Point Nature Preserve NRMP <br /> 48 <br />