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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I - ~ I x Q) "tJ E:: .?;- :2 I in m 0: I I I Descriptive Terminology ~ INTeRNATIONAL Standard D 2487 - 00 Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) Criteria for Assigning Group Symbols and Soils Classification Group Names Using Laboratory Tests a Group Symbol Group Name b e: Gravels Clean Gravels Cu;" 4 and 1 5- Cc 5- 3c GW Well-graded gravel d '" 0 More than 50% of Less than 5% fines' :a~ Cu < 4 and/or 1 > Co> 3 c GP Poorly graded gravel d :~~ coarse fraction retained on Gravels with Fines Fines classify as ML or MH GM Silty ravel dIg eD lE,~ No 4 sieve More than 12% fines' Fines classify as CL or CH ravel.,g e: '" GC Clayey m~o ~oo Sands Clean Sands Co;;" 6 and 1 5- Co 5- 3 c SW Well-graded sand h ~l.ON ~~~ 50% or more of Less than 5% fines; Cu < 6 and/or 1> Cc> 3 c SP Poorly graded sand" "'- coarse fraction o <Il Sands with Fines Fines classify as ML or MH SM Silty sand f g h (,)0 passes E No_ 4 sieve More than 12% ; Fines classify as CL or CH SC Cia e sand fg" <Il PI > 7 and plots on or above "A" line I CL Lean cla ., m L: Silts and Clays Inorganic "'- Silt" m = "0 PI < 4 or plots below "A" line' ML 0", '" Uquid limit UJ"'> less than 50 Liquid limit - oven dried OL Organic clay · I m n 't:f ~ .9! Organic < 075 <Il a. '" l- uid limit - not dried OL Organic silt . ; m 0 ~~~ PI plots on or above <<A" line CH Fat cia k'm c;nEcj Silts and clays Inorganic PI plots below" A" line MH Elastic silt. I m ~oz Liquid limit U:~ 50 or more Organic Liquid limit << oven dried < 075 OH Organic clay. , m . 0 Li uid limit - not dried anic silt" m q <D OH Highly Organic Soils Primarily organic matter, dark in color and organic odor PT Peat a Based on the material passing the 3-in (75mm) sieve b If field sample contained cobbles or boulders, or both, add 'with cobbles or boulders or both to group name c Co = D""I D,o Co = (D3,l 0'0 x D60 'd If soil contains;;' 15% sand, add "with sand. to group name e Gravels witih 5 to 12% lines require dual symbols: GW-GM well-graded gravel with silt GW-GC well-graded gravel with clay GP-GM poorly graded gravel with silt GP-GC poorly grl!d.ed gravel with clay f If fines classify as CL-ML use dual symbol GC-GM or SC-SM g If fines are organic, add "wilh organic Uoes' to group name h If soH contains ..,15% gravel, add 'with graver to group name Sands with 5 to 12% TIOeS require dual symbols: SW-8M weII-graded,sand wilh sHt SW-SC weU-graded sand with day SP-8M poorly graded sand with sm SP-SC poorly graded sand with clay j If Alterberg limits plot in hatched area, soil is a CL-ML, sHty clay k If soil contains 15 to 29% plus No. 200. add "with sand or 'with gravel whichever is predominant I If soil contains ;;, 30% plus No, 200, predominantly sand. add 'sandy" to group name m If soil contains ~ 30% plus No 200 predominantly gravel, add 'gravelly' to group name. n PI;;' 4 and plots on or above "A . line - o PI < 4 or plots below "A" line p PI' plots on or above "A" line q PI plots below "A" line 60 Rev 10/04 Particle Size Identification over 12" 3" to 12" Boulders Cobbles Gravel Coarse Fine Sand Coarse Medium Fine Silt 3/4" to 3" No 4 to 3/4" No 410 No 10 No 10toNo 40 No 40 to No 200 <No 200, PI< 4 or below "A" line < No 200, PI;;, 4 and on or above" A" line Clay Relative Density of Cohesionless Soils o t04 BPF 5 to 10 BPF l1t030BPF 31 to 50 BPF over 50 BPF Very loose Loose Medium dense Dense Very dense.: Consistency of Cohesive Soils Very soft . 0 to 1 BPF Soft 2 to 3 BPF Rather soft .4 to 5 BPF Medium . 6 to 8 BPF Rather stiff 9 to 12 BPF Stiff 13 to16 BPF Very stiff 17 to 30 BPF Hard . ,over 30 BPF Drilling Notes, Standard penetration test borings were advanced by 3U" or Bu" 10 hollow-stem augers unless ncited otherwise, Jetting water was used to clean dut auger prior to sampling only where indicated on logs Standard penetration test borings are designated by the prefix "S. (Split Tube). All samples were taken with the standard 2" 00 split-tube sampler. ex- cept where noted Power auger borings were advanced by 4" or 6" diameter continuous- flight, solid-stem augers. Soil c1assificalions and strata depths were in- ferred from disturbed samples augered to the surface and are, therefore, somewhat approximate.' Power auger borings are designated by the prefIX "B" Hand auger borings were advanced manually with a 1'" or 3C diam- eter auger and were limited to the depth from which the auger could be manually withdrawn. Hand auger borings are indicatad by the prefix"H " BPF: Numbers indicate blows per foot recorded in standard penetralion test, also known as "N" value. The sampler was set 6" into undisturbed soil below the hollow-stem auger, Drivin9 resistances were then counted for second and third 6" increments and added to get BPF Where they differed signifICantly, they are reported in the following form: 2/12 for the second and third 6" increments, respectively WH: WH indicates the sampler pen~trated soil under weight of hammer and rods alone; driving not required WR: WR indicates the sampler penetrafed soil under weight of rods alone; hammer weight and driving not required, 40 50 30 20 MH r OH OH TW indicates thin-walled (undisturbed) tube sample Note: All tests were run in general accordance with applicable ASTM standards 10 7 _ 4 00 10 16 20 30 DO WD MC LL PL PI P2000 Dry density. pcf Wet density. pet Natural moisture content, % Liqiuid limit, % Plastic iimit, % Plasticity index % pa5si~1q 200 Sle'.~ 40 50 60 70 Liquid Limit (LL) Laboratory Tests OC Organic content, % S Percent of saturation, % SG Specific gravity C COhesion psf CO Angle of internal ffiction qu Unconfined compressive strength, psf qp ::>,-.- !':r:! ~:.::p"=-fi:-:rn~_t " :':'ir:::"-l:l~ .::;[ 80 90 100 110 BRAUN lNTERTEC