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<br />The sedge. subtype rich fen does not occur on the floating mat at the edge of a shallow <br />lake and lacks the complex patterned topography of strings and flarks. Rich fen - <br />floating-mat subtype occurs on the floating mat at the edge of a shallow lake, In both <br />community types there is no discharge of calcareous groundwater, and the following <br />species are often common: Carex livida, C. buxbaumii, Pedicu/aris lanceo/ata, <br />E/eocharis compressa, Muhlenbergia glomerata, and Lobe/ia ka/mii. <br /> <br />. Mixed Emergent Marsh (MLCCS Code 61520, 61620 /205 Total Acres) <br />Thirteen mixed emergent marshes were documented within the city. Within most of <br />the mixed emergent marsh remnants in the study area, reed canary grass (Pha/aris <br />arundinacea) is a common invasive species. This is especially true adjacent to <br />agricultural lands that have high sediment and nutrient load in their runoff. <br /> <br />Mixed emergent marsh is a broad community type, encompassing all marshes <br />dominated by species other than cattails. Bulrushes are the most common dominants, <br />especially hard-stemmed bulrush (Scirpus aeutus), river bulrush (Scirpus fluviatilis), <br />softstem bulrush (Scirpus va/idus), Scirpus americanus, and Scirpus heterochaetus. <br />Common reed grass (Phragmites australis), spike rushes (E/eocharis spp.), and (in <br />some river backwaters) prairie cord grass (Spartina pectinata) are less common <br />dominants. <br /> <br />In general, mixed emergent marsh tends to occur on harder pond, lake, or river <br />bottoms than cattail marsh and is less likely to contain the forbs that grow on the <br />floating peat mats present in many cattail marshes. Broad-leaved arrowhead <br />(Sagittaria /atifolia) and aquatic macrophytes are the most common non-graminoid <br />associates. Many mixed emergent marsh species are sensitive to fertilizer run-off and <br />other artificial disturbances, and disturbed mixed emergent marshes (especially in the <br />Prairie Zone) tend to convert to cattail marshes or become strongly dominated by reed <br />canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) or common reed grass (Phragmites australis), <br />species that increase in abundance with disturbance. <br /> <br />Upland Grasslands <br />Mesic Prairie (MLCCS Code 61110 /38 Total acres) <br />One remnant mesic prairie was encountered within the city, in Gagnes Park Others <br />can be characterized as prairie plantings that were assigned the MLCCS code of <br />mesic prairie as a result of the MLCCS dichotomous key structure. <br /> <br />City of Elk River. MN - Natural Resouce Inventory <br />Bonestroo Natural Resources, September 2004 <br /> <br />33 <br />