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r <br />Rte? <br />i, <br />NATURAL RESOURCES <br />RECOMMENDATIONS <br />Control and Remove Buckthorn and <br />Other Invasive Species <br />» Invasive species compete with native plants <br />for water, sun, and nutrients <br />» It's important to protect native plant <br />species to maintain habitat and ecosystem <br />functionality <br />» Invasive species to manage include <br />buckthorn, honeysuckle, and Siberian elm <br />» Particular attention and efforts should be <br />directed toward removal of buckthorn <br />Primary dispersal of seeds is through <br />birds, thus landscape level treatments are <br />necessary to prevent dispersion <br />» Treatments include foliar spraying of <br />seedlings with glyphosate, cut and stump <br />treatment with a tricloper based herbicide <br />(Garton 3A or Garlon 4), basal treatments <br />with a tricloper based herbicide mixed with <br />a bark penetrating oil (Garton 4 w/ Bark Oil <br />Blue), or mechanical removal (mowing or <br />hand pulling) however mechanical is the <br />least effective method and often requires <br />years of follow-up treatments (also causes <br />vast soil disturbance which can result <br />in better germination in the seed bank <br />resulting in secondary infestations) <br />Manage and Treat Oak Wilt <br />» Treatments include vibratory plowing to sever <br />root grafts, pruning only during the dormant <br />period (November -March), and fungicide <br />treatments (however these are not cost <br />effective in a natural forest environment. <br />28 WOODLAND TRAILS PARK MASTER PLAN DRAFT JULY 7, 201 6 <br />