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E-cigarettes: an evidence update <br /> <br />4 <br />Introduction 76 <br />Aldehydes in vapour from e-cigarettes 76 <br />Summary 78 <br />Effects of e-cigarette vapour on mice lungs 78 <br />Summary 79 <br />Particles in e-cigarette vapour 79 <br />Impact of media reports that e-cigarettes are dangerous 79 <br />Summary of findings 80 <br />Policy implications 80 <br />11. Other health and safety concerns 81 <br />Poison reports 81 <br />Fire 83 <br />Summary of findings 84 <br />Policy implications 84 <br />12. International perspectives 85 <br />Overview 85 <br />Use of e-cigarettes among adults internationally 85 <br />Use of e-cigarettes among youth internationally 86 <br />The cases of Australia and Canada 87 <br />Summary of findings 88 <br />Acknowledgements 89 <br />References 90 <br />Appendices 98 <br />APPENDIX A: PRISM Flow Diagram 98 <br />APPENDIX B: Measures of e-cigarette use 99 <br />Surveys 99 <br />Other studies 101 <br />Appendix C: Narrative summary of studies on nicotine delivery from e-cigarettes 107 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />