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A measure of the changes that have taken place since 1995 is shown <br /> by the activities of unregulated entities—power marketers and <br /> generators. Wholesale electricity sales by power marketers <br /> increased from 25 million megawatt-hours in 1995 to four billion <br /> megawatt-hours in 2001. Capacity owned by independent power <br /> producers rose from 12 gigawatts in 1995 to 243 gigawatts in 2001. <br /> Most of the capacity increase resulted from regulated investor- <br /> owned utilities divesting generation facilities or transferring them <br /> to an unregulated affiliate. <br /> In regard to retail competition, in August 1996 Rhode Island passed <br /> the first retail choice legislation, and customers were allowed to <br /> choose suppliers beginning one year later. California, Pennsylvania, <br /> Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey all offered retail choice <br /> prior to 2000. TABLE 2 compares average rates for the nation with <br /> rates in two regions that generally offer retail choice (New England <br /> and Mid Atlantic) and two regions with no retail choice (West North <br /> Central and South Atlantic).' <br /> The only 2002 data published by EIA to date are preliminary and based <br /> on a sample. The sample data are useful on a national level, but <br /> procedures used to estimate revenue for retail choice states are still <br /> relatively new, and the sample estimates for these states have not been <br /> consistent with the final annual data. Thus, the regional analysis <br /> excludes the preliminary 2002 data. <br /> 6 Electricity Price Trends <br />